Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Irregular Migration Database on Irregular Migration ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://irregular-migration.net/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Irregular Migration - Too Important To Let Pass Into Oblivion](https://irregular-migration.net/irregular-migration-too-important-to-let-pass-into-oblivion/) - With immigration/migration being the preeminent issue of our time, websites like this that documented "irregular" migration in Europe in the aughts are important for the history that they represent. As such we are bringing irregular-migration.net back from the digital grave to preserver this historical record. We also planning on adding a blog to present new ## Pages - [Home](https://irregular-migration.net/) - Home THE DATABASE Irregular migration is a top priority in the European Union. Despite the political relevance of the phenomenon, assessments of the size of the irregular migrant population are often vague and of unclear origin. This website aims at increasing transparency in this sensitive field. It was created in the framework of the EU-funded - [Europe: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/europe-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects: Europe Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER CARIM: The Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration was created in 2004. It conducts research on irregular - [World: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/world-link-library/) - Link library: World RECENT ADDITION Muse-Orlinoff, L. (2012): Staying Put but Still in the Shadows: Undocumented Immigrants Remain in the Country Despite Strict Laws, Center for American Progress, Washington, February 2012. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Doomernik, J., Gsir, S., Kraler, A. (2005): Prospects on Migration Management: Opportunities and Pitfalls (Thematic Area 4: Modes of Regulation). In: Heinz Fassmann, Ursula - [United Kingdom: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/united-kingdom-link-library/) - Link library for the United Kingdom RECENT ADDITION Wright, T., McKay, S. (2007): United Kingdom Country Report, Undocumented Worker Transitions, Working Lives Research Institute, July 2007. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Anderson, P. (1999): In a Twilight World – Undocumented Migrants in the United Kingdom. Anderson, B., Ruhs, M. Rogaly, B. (2006): Fair enough? East European migrants in low-wage - [Spain: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/spain-link-library/) - Link library for Spain RECENT ADDITION Gabinet d’Estudis Socials (2007): Spain Country Report, Undocumented Worker Transitions , July 2007. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Alañón, A., Gómez, M. (2003): An evaluation of the degree of tax non-compliance for the Spanish provinces , Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid. CES (Economic and Social Council) (2004): Report on immigration and the labor - [Slovakia: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/slovakia-link-library/) - Link library for Slovakia RECENT ADDITION EMN (2011): Practical measures for reducing irregular migration in the Slovak Republic, Study carried out by the Greek Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN), November 2011. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Divinský, B. (2007): Labor market-migration nexus in Slovakia: time to act in a comprehensive way, International Organization - [Poland: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/poland-link-library/) - Link library for Poland FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Fomina, J., Frelak, J: Next STOPSKI LONDON. Public Perceptions of Labour Migration within the EU. The Case of Polish Labour Migrants in the British Press, IPA, 2008. Grzymala-Kazlowska, A., Okólski, M. (2003): Influx and Integration of Migrants in Poland in the Early XXI Century. CMR Working Papers, Nr - [Netherlands: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/netherlands-link-library/) - Link library for the Netherlands RECENT ADDITION IND for EMN (2005): Illegal Resident Third Country Nationals in the EU Member States: State approaches towards them and their profile and social situation. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Grünell, M., van den Berge, T. (2003): Migration and industrial relations ? the case of the Netherlands, European Industrial Relations - [Italy: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/italy-link-library/) - Link library: Italy - [Hungary: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/hungary-link-library/) - Link library for Hungary FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER HCSO (2006): Social indicators 2006. Publication of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Hablicsek, L. (2004): A nemzetközi vándorlás hatása magyarország népességének változására (Impact of international migration on Hungarian population changes). Appeared in: Demográfia 2004/3-4. Juhász, J. (2003): Hungary: Transit Country Between East and West. Published by the - [Greece: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/greece-link-library/) - Link library for Greece RECENT ADDITION EMN (2012): Practical measures for reducing irregular migration, Study carried out by the Greek Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN). FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Anastasios, K., Sofia, A, Vasilios, Z. (2008): Immigration in Greece: The Immigrants? Intentions of Returning to their Land of Origin ? the Case of - [Working Paper](https://irregular-migration.net/working-paper/) - Working Paper Series Editorial note: Working papers up to No. 9 were edited in the Hamburg Institute of International Economics in the framework of the project CLANDESTINO (WP 1-4) and Global Challenges (WP 5-9). The working paper series is continued by a voluntary editorial team. Contact database coordinators if you are interested in publishing a - [Reports](https://irregular-migration.net/reports/) - Reports Find reports on irregular migration for the European Union and individual countries. EU reports Country reports EU reports The following collection of documents includes synthesis reports on irregular migration which are produced in the frame of different projects and in different time period: CLANDESTINO (Undocumented migration: Counting the Uncountable ? Data and Trends across Europe), - [World: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/world-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects: World Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER GCIM: Global Commission on International Migration in Geneva was a project founded by the Secretary-General of the United - [United Kingdom: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/united-kingdom-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in the United Kingdom Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER COMPAS: The Centre on Migration, Policy and Society is an institute established at - [Spain: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/spain-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects: World Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER OBITEN (Observatorio de la Inmigración en Tenerife) is hosted by the University of La Laguna and conducts research on - [Slovakia: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/slovakia-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Slovakia Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER So far, no links have been suggested. - [Poland: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/poland-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Poland Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER CIR (Centrum Stosunków Miedzynarodowych): Centre for International Relations in Warsaw is an independent, non-governmental think tank that conducts research - [Netherlands: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/netherlands-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in the Netherlands Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER So far, no links have been suggested. - [Italy: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/italy-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Italy Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Ismu Foundation (Iniziative e Studi Sulla Multietnicita) is an autonomous and independent organization promoting studies, research and - [Hungary: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/hungary-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Hungary Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER So far, no links have been suggested. - [Greece: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/greece-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Greece Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER ELIAMEP: Hellenic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy in Athens is a think tank that provides research - [Germany: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/germany-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Germany Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Aktiv: Under the headings ?Active against deportation, no human being is illegal?, the website collects - [France: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/france-organisations-and-projects/) - ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN FRANCE Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER EducationSansFrontieres: The network offers support to undocumented migrants threatened by deportation to a non-secure country. - [Austria: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/austria-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in Austria Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER ICMPD: International Centre for Migration Policy Development is a cross-national organisation located in Vienna. It promotes innovative, comprehensive - [Czech Republic: Organisations and projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/czech-republic-organisations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects in the Czech Republic Links include large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics. Users are invited to provide additional links. ORGANISATIONS AND PROJECTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER So far, no links have been suggested. - [Organizations and Projects](https://irregular-migration.net/organizations-and-projects/) - Organisations and projects The section provides links to projects and organizations, including large organizations that have repeatedly addressed irregular migration and projects that solely focused on the issue or closely related topics.Would you like to draw attention to a project? Send us the link. World: Organisations and projects Europe: Organisations and projects Austria: Organisations and - [Methodology](https://irregular-migration.net/methodology/) - Methodology The database provides an inventory and a critical appraisal of data and estimates in the European Union and in selected member states. It contains estimates on the size of irregular migrant populations and indicators of their composition with regard to gender, age, nationality and sector of economic activity. The presentation is innovative in its - [Germany: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/germany-link-library/) - Link library for Germany RECENT ADDITION Schneider, J. (2012): Practical measures for reducing irregular migration , Research study in the framework of the European Migration Networt (EMN), Working Paper 41, Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF), Nuremberg: 2012. Vogel, D., Aßner, M. (2011): Size, development and structure of the irregular population in Germany , expertise on behalf of - [France: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/france-link-library/) - Link library for France RECENT ADDITION EMN (2011): Practical measures for reducing irregular migration, Study carried out by the French Contact Point of the European Migration Network (EMN), October 2011. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Commission d?enquête (1) sur l?immigration clandestine (2006): Rapport remis à Monsieur le Président du Sénat le 6 avril 2006. Senat No. - [Europe: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/europe-link-library/) - Link library: Europe RECENT ADDITION Morehouse, C.; Blomfield, M. (2011): Irregular Migration in Europe. Migration Policy Institute. Washington. (Transatlantic Council on Migration). FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Europe (2010): Migrants and Healthcare: Responses by European Regions (MIGHRER), Complete reference material. Council of Europe (2007): Regularisation Programmes for Irregular Migrants. Report. Committee on Migration, - [Czech Republic: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/czech-republic-link-library/) - Link library for the Czech Republic RECENT ADDITION Drbohlav, D., Horáková, M., Janská, E. (2005): The Czech Republic. In: J. Niessen, Y. Schibel, C. Thompson (eds.): Current Immigration Debates in Europe. A Publication of the European Migration Dialogue. Brussels: Migration Policy Group, p. 65-99. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Drbohlav, D. (1999): Imigranti v České - [Austria: Link library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/austria-link-library/) - Link library for Austria RECENT ADDITION Jandl, M. (2009): A multiplier estimate of the illegally resident third-country national population in Austria based on crime suspect data , Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI), Database on Irregular Migration, Working paper No.2. FREE ONLINE REFERENCES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BMGF (Federal Ministry for Health and Women) (2003): Quantitative and qualitative recording - [Link Library](https://irregular-migration.net/link-library/) - Link library The link library provides easy access to articles, studies and reports that deal with irregular migration. Would you like to draw attention to a publication? Send us the link. World: Link library Europe: Link library Austria: Link library Czech Republic: Link library France: Link library Germany: Link library Greece: Link library Hungary: Link - [Legal notice](https://irregular-migration.net/legal-notice/) - Legal notice Responsible person Dr. Dita VogelD-28211 Bremendita.vogel(at)network-migration.org Disclaimer The content of this website has been compiled to the best of our knowledge. However, we cannot assume any liability for the up-to-dateness, completeness or accuracy of any of the pages. The website contains links to the websites of third parties (“external links”). We do not - [Funding](https://irregular-migration.net/funding/) - Funding CREATION OF THE DATABASE The database on irregular migration was launched in February 2009. It was created in the context of the CLANDESTINO project “Undocumented Migration: Counting the Uncountable ? Data and Trends across Europe”. The project was funded for the period September 2007 – August 2009 Sixth Framework Programme (Directorate General for Research of the European Commission) - [European Union](https://irregular-migration.net/european-union/) - European Union Since 2007, the European Union consists of 27 member states which face very different challenges with regard to irregular migration. Securing the borders and preventing irregular migration is perceived increasingly as a European policy issue. Visa policy, border protection, return enforcement and measures to reduce incentives for irregular migration are increasingly Europeanized. However, - [United Kingdom](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/united-kingdom/) - United Kingdom For decades, migration flows were largely dominated by immigrants from former colonies in Asia, Africa and the Carribean, which led to large settled minorities. From the late 1990s, immigration became increasingly diverse. Migration became a highly contentious issue on the political and public agenda, concerning both regular and irregular immigrants. While border enforcement - [Spain](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/spain/) - Spain Spain has experienced a fast transition from an emigration to an immigration country since the second half of the 1980s. Today, the size of its foreign-born population is comparable to older immigration countries. Since Spain has repeatedly regularized irregular migrants, irregularity has been a phase in the life of most current regular immigrants in Spain. Border policies have become increasingly restrictive, toward both - [Slovakia](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/slovakia/) - European Union Of all European countries, Slovakia has the lowest share of foreign residents among its population. Very little attention is paid to migration issues in Slovakia, and irregular migration is no exception. Policies are largely shaped by Slovakia?s commitments to its accession to the EU and the Schengen zone. Irregular migrants mainly enter the country from Ukraine - [Poland](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/poland/) - Poland During the transformation of the Polish economy, millions of Polish citizens migrated to Western Europe for regular and irregular work, often on a temporary basis. In comparison to other EU countries, Poland is still not considered an attractive destination country for regular and irregular immigrants. Apart from small, settled, irregular resident populations from Vietnam - [Netherlands](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/netherlands/) - Netherlands In the post-war period, Dutch immigration was characterized by inflows from former colonies in Asia and Latin America, and by labour recruitment, mainly ftrom Turkey and Morocco. In the mid-1980s, the Netherlands adopted relatively open and inclusive integration policies, but recently, political parties have been able to win votes by pointing to dissatisfying results. This has also had consequences for policies regarding irregular - [Italy](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/italy/) - Italy Since the 1980s, Italy has become an immigration country, after almost a century of emigration history. Initially, many immigrants were attracted by the relatively large shadow economy. While the establishment of regular migration regulations has taken time, five amnesties have provided opportunities for the regularization of irregular migrants. More than half of all regular residents currently in - [Hungary](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/hungary/) - Hungary Irregular migration rarely appears on Hungary’s political agenda, and even regular migration is not really an issue. Migration and integration policies are largely shaped by EU initiatives. Irregular transit migration is of concern for enforcement authorities, although its relevance has decreased since neighbouring Romania joined the EU. Chinese and Vietnamese persons are probably the most numerous among irregular residents. Short Information - [Greece](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/greece/) - Greece In Greece, restrictive, complicated and lengthy bureaucratic procedures for legal immigration and the prolongation of residence permits indirectly encourage irregular entry and stay. Due to the substantial size of the largely uncontrolled shadow economy, irregular work is easier to find than regular work, even for regular migrants. Policy responses include ? largely ineffective ? - [Germany](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/germany/) - Germany Germany has a large share of immigrants, particularly from Turkey, the successor states of Yugoslavia, and Eastern Europe. Regular migration is strictly monitored, and internal controls limit the space for the shadow economy and irregular migrant work. While regularization programmes have never been implemented, authorities officially tolerate those irregular migrants who cannot be deported for - [France](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/france/) - France In France, a substantial part of the population was born outside the country or raised by foreign-born parents. Many of them are French speaking and originate from former colonies in Africa. Irregular migration has attracted public attention frequently in the past decades, for example in connection with ?sans-papiers? seizing churches and the camp Sangatte that - [Czech Republic](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/czech-republic/) - Czech Republic Over the last few years, the Czech Republic has experienced net immigration of foreign nationals. The country is mainly a destination for temporary legal and irregular labour migrants from post-communist countries (Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine) as well as from Vietnam and China. Irregular migrant activities have recently become important features of the Czech economy and society, - [Austria](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/austria/) - Austria Irregular migration as a specific policy concern is a relatively recent phenomenon. All available evidence suggests that the irregular resident population has declined considerably over the past several years as a consequence of EU enlargement and a drop in irregular entries and asylum related migration from non-EU countries. Withdrawal and loss of status on other - [Countries](https://irregular-migration.net/countries/) - Countries In the framework of the CLANDESTINO project (2007-2009), country experts reviewed literature and estimations in 12 countries, covering about 83 percent of the population of the European Union (EU27). For each of these countries, a short summary, a table detailing knowledge about the size of irregular migrant populations and links to more substantial background - [Contact Us](https://irregular-migration.net/contact-us/) - Your Name (required) Your Email (required) Subject Your Message - [About Us](https://irregular-migration.net/about-us/) - About us This database was created in the framework of the EU-funded research project CLANDESTINO (2007-2009). The project has meanwhile expired; nevertheless, the need for transparent data on the size of irregular migration in the European Union remains vital. Irregular migration is a sensitive issue and continues to be high on the public and policy agenda. Notably - [Sitemap](https://irregular-migration.net/sitemap/) - Pages About Us Blog Contact Us Countries Austria Czech Republic France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Slovakia Spain United Kingdom European Union Funding Home Legal notice Link Library Austria: Link library Czech Republic: Link library Europe: Link library France: Link library Germany: Link library Greece: Link library Hungary: Link library Italy: Link library Netherlands: - [Blog](https://irregular-migration.net/blog/) ## Categories - [Blog](https://irregular-migration.net/category/blog/)